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Who is liable for punishment under California law?

  1. Only residents of California

  2. Anyone who aids in a crime outside California

  3. All persons committing a crime within or against California law

  4. Only those found guilty after a trial

The correct answer is: All persons committing a crime within or against California law

The correct answer is that all persons committing a crime within or against California law are liable for punishment under California law. This reflects the principle that jurisdiction extends to anyone who violates the state's laws, regardless of their legal residency or location at the time of the crime. In California, the legal system seeks to uphold the law and ensure accountability for criminal actions that occur within its jurisdiction or that impact individuals or entities within the state. This includes non-residents who commit offenses in California. For example, an individual visiting California who engages in criminal activity, such as theft or assault, can be prosecuted under California law. Similarly, non-residents who conspire to commit crimes that have implications for California residents or institutions may also face legal repercussions. Additionally, this principle emphasizes the state's commitment to enforcing its laws uniformly and protecting its citizens, regardless of the offenders' status or whereabouts.